Writer Lawrence Wright discussed his book, Thirteen Days In September, regarding the Camp David peace summit on C-SPAN's Book TV.
http://www.c-span.org/video/?321756-1/book-discussion-thirteen-days-September
The transcript below begins at 11:40 on the video counter:
"The struggle
for peace at Camp David is a testament to the enduring force of religion and
the difficulty of shedding mythologies that lure societies into conflict.
"Let’s begin
with the biblical concept of the Promised Land, the legend that is at the root
of this conflict.
"In Genesis,
God speaks to Abraham in a dream, and promises to give him and his descendants
the land between the Nile and the Euphrates, a territory that would encompass
southern Turkey, western Iraq, parts of Saudi Arabia, all of Syria, Jordan,
Israel, the West Bank, Gaza, Sinai, and half of Egypt.
"Later, God
makes a similar pledge to Moses as he leads his people out of Egypt, although
the boundaries are now from the Red Sea to the Euphrates. On another occasion,
God tells Moses that the Promised Land is really Canaan, which is an entity
that is much more like modern Israel, including the West Bank and much of
southern Lebanon. Defining borders has always been a problem in the Middle
East, evidently even for God.
"When the
wandering Israelites reached the river Jordan, God draws Moses up to Mount
Nebo, and says, “This is the land that I promised to Abraham and his descendants,
and you have the opportunity to see it, but I will not let you cross over.” And
so Moses was able to look out from Mount Nebo and see all the way to the
Mediterranean Sea, and then he passed away at the age of 120, having delivered
his people out of Egypt and through the wilderness of Sinai.
"Now, at this
point, God instructs Moses’ successor, Joshua, to take the Israelites into the
Promised Land, saying, 'Every place you set foot I have given you.' However,
the land is not vacant. The story of Joshua’s conquest of the Promised Land is
one of the most shocking events in the Bible. Cities are burned to the ground,
populations are wiped out, every man, woman, child, even the livestock, all
slaughtered on the Lord’s instruction to kill every living thing. In that way
the children of Israel finally came into possession of the Promised Land.
"One of the
many problems with the Biblical account is that, during the time of Exodus, all
of this territory was part of the ancient Egyptian empire. The 31 kings that
Joshua is said to have executed were all paying taxes to the pharaoh before,
during and after the supposed Israelite invasion. From the earliest times, the
Egyptian people showed a terrific talent for bureaucracy. They kept extensive
records. There’s no historical or archeological evidence that the Israelites
were ever in Egypt.
"The Bible records that 603, 550 Israelite men above the age
of 20, plus their wives and children and various hangers-on, a hoard estimated
to be 2 million people, spent 40 years wandering in the Sinai on their journey
to the Promised Land. But 2 million people, lined up 10 abreast, would stretch
more than a hundred and fifty miles, more than the entire width of the Sinai
Peninsula. There’s no evidence of their presence in the Sinai.
"Archaeologists
have excavated most of the cities that Joshua is said to have razed. Many were
not inhabited at the time or were not destroyed. On the other hand, there are
abundant remains of Egyptian military outposts and administrative centers that
testify to the imperial rule of one of the most powerful empires in the ancient
world. So, even if the Exodus did occur in some fashion, the Israelites were
making a journey from one part of Egypt to another. The Bible doesn’t mention
this.
"The most
likely explanation for the origin of the Israelites is that they were
themselves the Canaanites. DNA studies have indicated that Jews and
Palestinians are very closely related. Both of them are descended from the
Canaanites. Genetically, they’re the same people. Both have been in this place
thousands of years."